华体会体育-场上紧张局势，胜负难分

　　传说中的托福事实信息题是什么鬼？

　　事实信息题又称之为细节题场上紧张局势，胜负难分，是OG定义的新托福十大阅读题型之一，题量在2-4题左右，属于占比非常大的一个题型。所以搞定这类题hin重要场上紧张局势，胜负难分！

　　OG定义如下

　　这类题型要求学生识别文中明确给出的事实信息，包括细节、定义以及作者陈述的其他信息

　　通常而言，相关信息会在一到两句话中出现

　　只要遵循基本的方法以及一定的句子理解能力，想要搞定事实信息题并不难

　　来来来，让我们愉快地聊聊这类题的解题技巧场上紧张局势，胜负难分！

　　按照国际惯例，先上例题！

　　Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.

　　2. Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?

　　In an area that has little water

　　In an area that has little sunlight

　　Above a transition area

　　On a mountain that has on upper timberline.

　　就问场上紧张局势，胜负难分你看懂提问内容了吗？

　　第一段中所提及的lower timberline有可能在哪里被发现？

　　带着这个问题我们回到原文段落，带着关键词lower timberline逐句阅读，前三句均未提及lower timberline。直到In many semiarid..这句话，说到在很多半干旱地区，有lower timberline，所以答案判断为半干旱地区。

　　然后看选项，A的意思是几乎没有水的地方，就对应原文的信息，所以A是正确的。

　　处理事实信息题基本的做题步骤

　　1.读题，理解题目的提问内容并提炼关键词

　　2.带着关键词阅读原文段落，寻找对应信息

　　3.核对选项

　　所以想要做对一道细节题，第一步永远是准确理解题目。在实际的考试中，大部分的细节题题目都是比较容易理解的。

　　但是！偶尔会出现较难理解的题目，这就非常考验考生的单句分析能力。

　　上例题，就问你服不服！

　　Geographic isolation can also proceed slowly, over great spans of time. We find evidence of such extended events in the fossil record, which affords glimpse into the breakup of formerly continuous environments. For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another. When the glaciers retreated, the separated populations of plants and animals came into contact again. Some groups that had descended from the same parent population were no longer reproductively compatible – they had evolved into separate species. In other groups, however, genetic divergences had not proceeded so far, and the descendants could still interbreed – for them, reproductive isolation was not completed, and so speciation had not occurred.

　　6. According to paragraph 3, separation of subpopulations by glaciers resulted in speciation in those groups of plants and animals that

　　Were reproductively isolated even after the glaciers disappeared

　　Had adjusted to the old conditions caused by the glaciers

　　Were able to survive being separated from their parent population

　　Had experienced some genetic divergences from their parent population

　　救命！太难了~~

　　来来来，解析在此！

　　这道题的题目比较难理解，因为题干中欠缺了定语从句的内容，所以很多同学在理解的时候搞不懂题目到底问什么东西。

　　其实我们把定语从句带回题目就可以得出这样的理解场上紧张局势，胜负难分：“冰川所造成的亚种隔离导致了什么样的动植物群体的新物种形成？”这就是题目真正所提问的内容。

　　然后再根据关键词定位到原文中for example的句子，可以得出以下理解：“冰川会造成群体隔离，而当冰川撤退后，被分离的物种又一次开始互相接触。有一些物种在重新接触后，已经无法繁殖兼容，意味着他们已经形成了新物种。而另一些被分离的物种，基因差别并没有那么大，他们仍旧可以互相繁殖，对他们而言，新物种并没有形成”再结合题目的提问内容，可以得出，那么在重新接触后，已经无法互相繁殖的群体形成了新物种，所以答案选A。

　　那么读懂了题干的提问内容是不是一定能做对题目呢？答案是否定的。有时候，题目的提问内容并不是那么容易在原文中找到对应，因为原文的表达很有可能发生了同义转换，考生需要识别出。

　　虽然你可能有点晕了，但还是要上例题！

　　Paragraph 5: Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the east coast in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind, the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington’s tidal estuaries on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape by trapping sediment. Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts.

　　9.According to paragraph 5, Spartina negatively affects wildlife in estuaries by

　　trapping fish and waterfowl in sediment

　　preventing oysters from transplanting successfully

　　turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows

　　expanding the marshy fringes of salt meadows

　　题目解析——

　　题目问S如何负面地影响了野生生命。在原文中并没有出现类似表达，甚至没有wildlife这个单词，所以我们在阅读原文的时候，就要做好准备，去寻找题干信息的同意转换。

　　在这里，原文中提到Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats.这句话中的many fish and waterfowl其实就是题目中的wildlife，而inhospitable就对应negatively。

　　所以这句话就包含了题目的提问内容，也就是我们答案句。答案选C。

　　那么如果读懂了题目，也找到了原文的对应信息，是不是就不会出错了呢？同样，这其中也包含玄机！

　　在找到题目的提问内容，也就是大家所谓的对应句后，很有可能答案并不在那句话中，而在前后句里。那么对于前后句的阅读也显得格外重要！

　　有理有据有例题！

　　Paragraph 4: …. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.

　　8: What do “the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite" have in common?

　　They are always found together.

　　They depend on surface water provided by streams, springs, and lakes.

　　They are phreatophytes.

　　Their roots are capable of breaking through hard soils

　　敲黑板！解析在此！

　　题目的提问内容很简单，问标黄部分的三个东西有什么共同点。

　　原文中也已经标出了标黄部分，所以这题的定位不存在任何问题。

　　而看完定位句后，很多同学会选择继续往后读，这是一个符合大部分阅读习惯的顺序。看完后一句，再看选项，很多同学会选择B。因为看似和原文信息几乎一样。

　　然鹅，真的那么简单???

　　大家不要忘了，在定位句中有这么一个表达——among these plants.. 这里我们要注意，既然出现了代词，就务必要搞清楚这个代词的指代内容！

　　所以我们应该选择往前看！发现前句说，另一种沙漠植物被称之为phreatophyte，他们通过长出很长的根去不断往下穿透，到达地下水，来适应环境。所以其实阴影部分的三种植物，都属于phreatophyte这类植物，答案选C。且由此也可以判断B选项错了，因为B说他们依赖于地表水。

　　所以在这个题目的处理中，对于定位句的前后阅读非常关键。如果只选择往后读，就非常容易出错。

　　走心总结

　　如果定位句中出现了代词、因果逻辑词、各类连词、结构词的时候，就要谨慎选择继续阅读定位句的前后句。

　　好了，机智的你一定会问：如果我读懂了题目，也找到了原文的对应信息，是不是就OK了呢？

　　同样的，答案也是否定的！因为在选项中，很有可能会出现非常有迷惑性的干扰选项来给考生设置障碍。

　　这种例题就问你服不服！

　　Paragraph 2: …. These products were bought mostly by urban businesses. There was also a demand among urban consumers for dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had become more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques; for example, they began feeding their animals indoors in order to raise the milk yield of their cows.

　　4. According to paragraph 2, the increases demands on Dutch agriculture made by urban consumers had which of the following results?

　　Seasonal shortages of the products consumers most wanted

　　Increased production of high-quality grain products

　　Raised prices charged by peasants to urban consumers

　　Different ways of caring for dairy-producing animals

　　解析时间到！

　　题目的提问内容不难理解，问的是城市消费者对荷兰农产品的需求导致了什么样的结果。

　　带着题目内容我们回到原文，看到了这样一句话，There was also a demand… had become more expensive than grain。很多同学看到了这句话，然后看选项很容易选C。但其实C选项的意思跟原文还是不同的。

　　原文说butter和cheese的价格在16世纪比谷物高。而C选项的意思是农民们向城市消费者收取的价格增加了。看似比较接近，但其实这并不是题目所问的需求增加所导致的结果，这只是当时的行情，并不是因为需求增加，而使得价格变高，或者农民收取的价格增加。

　　事实上，真正结果在下一句中，“这些高价格促使了农民们去提高动物养殖技术…”对应D选项。所以这道题目中，C选项是一个非常有迷惑性的答案，但它其实并没有真正解答题目的问题。

　　综上，如果具备一定的词汇量和句子理解能力，大部分的细节题都不是太难处理。

　　但是偶尔还是会出现一些比较难的题目，来区分一个average的考生和excellent的考生。所以在平时的训练中，一定要重视词汇量的积累和对单句以及句群分析能力的提高。

　　只有真正提高了基本的语言能力，再加上一些解题的技巧和TIPS，才能保证在面对所有题目的时候游刃有余。

　　原文地址：https://www.onebest.cn/content-100-4650-1.html